Non-surgical treatments include observation, and hernia belts. Unfortunately at this time, there is no non-surgical cure for a hernia.

Small hernias can be kept at bay by avoiding constipation, heavy-lifting, and using proper technique when lifting by engaging the entire core. Furthermore core-exercises including the obliques and groin can help bolster the surrounding muscles.

Most experts agree that having a skilled and experienced surgeon is most important with surgical success long-term. Having said that, published rates of recurrence in general for inguinal hernias range usually from 1 to 10%, with non-mesh repairs having a slightly higher recurrence.

In general for mesh repairs, recurrence rates are expected at 1-3% and for non-mesh repairs, that number climbs slightly to 1-5%. Our rates are lower, but remember most data is limited because the true follow-up for hernia recurrence is on the scale of a lifetime (as opposed to 5 and 10 year follow-ups as are commonly reported).

1. MYTH: All hernias must be repaired as soon as possible

Many small and asymptomatic hernias are safe to observe ("watchful waiting") and have a low risk of serious complication (probably less than 1% per year). Hernias that are painful or growing would more likely warrant repair.

2. MYTH: Open surgery is much more painful than robotic surgery

Hernia surgery performed by expert surgeons is generally well-tolerated regardless of the technique. Many of our patients with open repairs do not use strong pain medicines for more than a day, and some do not even use any strong pain medicines.

3. MYTH: Robotic surgery is always best

Different hernia surgery techniques have pros and cons which are unique to each patient and their situation. We do not only do one technique, but rather seek to employ the best, least invasive, and safest technique based on a patient's particular anatomy and physiology.

The following are principles of "prehab" (preconditioning and optimization prior to surgery) for hernia surgery:

1. Get to goal weight -- a rough guide would be BMI 25 or under (BMI calculator site).

• This is very important with decreasing recurrence rates, especially with no-mesh repairs. 

• Achieve this with:
  i. Diet
  ii. Healthy lifestyle
  iii. Exercise (cardio + strength) 

2. Core strength: 

• Strengthening the muscles improves the tissue quality at time of surgery. 

• Muscles to focus on in the core:
  i. Rectus abdominis
  ii. Obliques
  iii. Balance the above with the erector spinae 

• Stretching is good to do after exercises. 

• We recommend doing 5-10 minutes of core exercises daily (more is better, but this is quite sustainable in the long-term). 

To help achieve these goals, please refer to our healthy lifestyle page, other resources such as healthy diets, and core exercise plans such as pilates. Also of note, the Hernia Coach is available to help patients and has a very informative website.

Here are links to interesting reading:

• The history of inguinal hernia surgery

Inguinal hernia papers:

• The Shouldice technique for the treatment of inguinal hernia

• Long Term Outcomes after Surgery for Inguinal Hernia: a Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Outcomes of Desarda and Lichtenstein Repairs with Three Years of Follow-Up
  Desarda versus Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• Novel modification of Marcy operation for indirect inguinal hernia reconstituting deep inguinal ring shutter action

• Shouldice technique versus other open techniques for inguinal hernia repair

• Shouldice Versus TAPP for Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

• Shouldice versus Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• Mesh versus non-mesh for inguinal and femoral hernia repair

• Is Shouldice the best NON-MESH inguinal hernia repair technique? A systematic review and network metanalysis of randomized controlled trials comparing Shouldice and Desarda